ROV TiburonHeat flow probeа2. PapaТu SeamountParticipants:top of page Long Teen Lesbian Sex gravity corer and rock crusher for night operationsаHawaii remains the laboratory of choice for studies on submarine (and subaerial) volcanic processes because of the young age and freshness of the landforms and volcanic surfaces. In addition, because the Hawaiian volanoes are so large, the processes that degrade the volcanoes, such as massive landslides, or simply submerge the volcanoes are accentuated. Not only are Hawaiian volcanoes the largest in the world with the highest eruption rates (averaged over time), but the landslides that degrade the volcanoes are also the largest volcanic landslides in the world.4 sets of scuba gear (including weights, no tanks) - Robison ~200 lbs total
6 Detritus samplers (2 as spares) Ц RobisonаTo investigate submarine canyons and associated features located along the flanks of the Hawaiian Islands. We will examine mid-canyon plunge pools, walls and canyon heads to ascertain processes that are actively shaping these canyons. In addition, we will investigate submerged coral reefs and carbonate platforms to determine age and origin. Rocks samples, rock cores, sediment push cores and scoop samples will be collected. We are also interested in establishing whether waters are actively flowing through the submerged flanks of the islands. Fresh waters associated with the islands may be discharging do to the hydraulic head on the adjacent island. In addition, geothermal heating may stimulate seawater flow cells within the flanks of the island. We will obtain in situ data consisting of radium and conductivity measurements, pore waters from cores, and samples to establish diagenetic signatures associated with paleo-flow. We anticipate a 14-hour dive days. Some dives will be in shallow waters (100-300 m deep) where a dive day may have two or more dives. Nighttime operations will consist of taking CTD casts not to extend past 0100 the following dive day. Transit to the next days dive site will be done during the nighttime, non-scientific operational hours.Scheduled Start Date: 2001-03-13 0100 Local Moss Landing timeEK-500 water column profiling system Ц Robison (continuous use during transit)аOur tentative dive sites and transects are as follows: Day 1 (4/21) Transit from Honolulu to first dive site, a distance of 27 nautical miles. Two short shallow dives along the northeaster side of Ohau, offshore of Kahalu, dives separated by about 6 nautical miles. First dive is 3.6 km long and between 570 and 200 m depth. Second dive is 3.0 km long and between 575-315 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 2 site early morning (4/22), a distance of 36 nautical miles. Day 2 (4/22) Dive along the northern flank of Molokai, offshore of Kalaupapa Peninsula. Dive is 7.4 km long and between 3415 and 1145 m depth. Transit to Day 3 (4/23) site in early morning, a distance of 101 nautical miles. Day 3 (4/23) Dive along western flank of Hawaii, offshore of Mahukona. Dive is 8.0 km long and between 1200 and 1050 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 4 (4/24) site during early morning hours, a distance of 43 nautical miles. Day 4 (4/24) Dive along the northeastern flank of Hawaii, offshore of Kohala Volcano. Dive is 7.0 km long and between 1355, 974, 1220 and 900 m depth. CTC casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 5 (4/25) site during early morning hours, a distance of 6 nautical miles. Day 5 (4/25) Three short shallow dives along the northeast flank of Kohala Volcano. The first dive is 2.0 km long and between 710 and 680 m depth. The second is 3 nautical miles away, 2.75 km long, and between 420 and 395 m depth. The third is 4.5 nautical miles away, 2.65 km long between 295 and 150 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 6 (4/26) site during early morning hours, a distance of 23 nautical miles. Day 6 (4/26) Three short dives in 200 to 500 of water depths to investigate the shallowest of the reef terraces. CTD casts during evening hours. Day 7 and 8 (4/26 to 4-28) Dive offshore Mahukona coast with CTD casts during evening hours. Potential dive sites for these days are all within a 20 nautical mile radius. Locations will vary according to dive results from Leg 2’s Mahukona dives and the dive on 4/23. In particular, if the sampling of carbonates has proven difficult with the normal sampling equipment, we may return to previous dive sites with the rock drill, In either case we would try to have at least two dives pre day. Day 7 (4/27) One or two dives in offshore Mahukona. The first is on a 3 km long transect from 1400 to 700 m water depths that goes up a relatively steep escarpment face. If there is are carbonates exposed on the cliff face, sampling will require the entire dive day. The second dive would be in 1000 m of water about 8 nautical miles away. CTD casts during late evening hours. Day 8 (4/28) Dive offshore Mahukona. Two dives on the reef terraces in probably between 1400 and 1200 m water depths. Again, location of dives will be very dependent on what areas early dives indicate. Transit to Day 9 (4/29) site during early morning hours, a distance of ~95 nautical miles. Day 9 (4/29) Dive along the northern flank of Molokai offshore of Kalaupapa. Dive is 6.0 km long and between 2015 and 1085 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 9 (4/30) site during early morning hours, a distance of 43 nautical miles. Day 10 (4/30) Half day dive along the northeastern flank of Oahu, offshore of Kahalu. Dive is 3.3 km long and between 1600 and 1055 m depth. Afternoon, transit to Honolulu, a distance of 36 nautical miles for arrival at 5 pm. Anal Sex Home Videos Equipment Description (include weight if available):Benthic sled with drawer and rock partitions, manipulator, rack of push cores (with catchers) on drawer front, temperature probe (for 1 Loihi dive), glass suction sampler, vibra-peeper coring device, major water samplers (for 1 Loihi dive), biobox, fry-basket, extra pushcores on swingarm for a few dives. Night operations are rock crusher and gravity coring.top of page
top of pagePurpose:top of pageSuperposed on the sequence of reefs are a series of lava flows from several volcanoes, including a group of radial fissures (fissures not aligned along rift zones) that probably are part of Mauna Loa Volcano. At the western edge of the terrace, a submarine rift zone extends to the west. This rift zone is apparently part of a separate volcano named Mahukono Volcano (Clague and Moore, 1991)), not exposed above present sea level. Like other submarine rift zones, it is characterized by common flat-topped cones (Clague et al., 2000) and linear ramparts, but also by several complex, steep, smooth cones. This region is the key to understanding much of the history of Hawaii since the reefs provide timelines and the lava flows in the area come from Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai Volcanoes. Clague and Jim Moore did an entire HURL-funded program of Pisces V submersible dives in this region in 1988 and a modest dredging program the same year. However, the new MBARI Simrad bathymetric data highlight some key features that were unknown when the previous programs were completed. The models of reef formation suggest that details of the Pleistocene record of glacial-intergacial periods have been smoothed by time averaging. We hope to extract some of these details from the reef morphology and ages.Leg 2: Karst and Volcanos (April 1-16) Anal Sex With Hot Black Cunts Ken Johnson (male), Ginger Elrod (female), Steve Fitzwater (male), Hans Jannasch (male, tentative) and Josh Plant (male, tentative)top of pageLeg 2: Karst and Volcanos (April 1-16)
top of pageD2, 67-75 35.9530 123.8420 9 DIVE, nets, CTD4 sets of scuba gear (including weights, no tanks) - Robison ~200 lbs totaldrawer with partitionsаBox corer Gay Bubble Butts Anal Sex Expedition Chief Scientist: David ClagueExpedition Chief Scientist: David ClaguePlanned Track Description:
We request 1 short (6-hr) Tiburon dive to map and sample the deepest (and least degassed) of the volcanic cones of the Honolulu Volcanics. This cone is structurally simple and the summit is at a depth of only about 800 m, so the dive to explore the summit and collect the lava flows and hyaloclastite can be short. Collection of submarine-erupted lavas allows for analysis of rare gas and volatile components in the quenched glasses, as well as better whole-rock trace element analyses since the submarine lavas are far less altered than those exposed to subaerial weathering (rainfall leaches many components from the subaerial lavas after their emplacement), as outlined under the "Submarine Cones and flows" section of this proposal.Expedition Principal Investigator:аDavid Claguetop of pageThe submarine east rift zone of Kilauea has been extensively studied during the last ten years because it provides an opportunity to study the submarine portion of a well-studied subaerial volcanic system. The morphology of the ridge has been defined from SeaBeam mapping of the entire ridge (Clague et al., 1993), Simrad mapping as deep as 3500 m (done by MBARI in 1998), and AMS-120 mapping of the ridge axis (done by WHOI with MBARI postdoc Jennifer Reynolds as a participant. Samples have been collected from along the ridge by dredging starting in 1964 and by rock corer (MBARIТs rock crusher) in 1998. A few submersible dives, using the Seacliff, were done in the 1980s and in 1991. Most of the lavas recovered are differentiated basalts with eruption temperatures between about 1120 and 1140-C-slightly lower than most historical subaerial eruptions. However, I discovered some unusual glass grains in a boxcore adjacent to Kilauea Volcano in 1988. These glasses contain up to 15% MgO and had eruption temperatures in excess of 1320-C-making them the most magnesian glasses with the highest eruption temperatures of any on Earth (Clague et al., 1991, 1995; Wagner et al., 1998). The eruption and flow characteristics of such hot, fluid lavas are essentially unknown, but may provide an analogy to understand emplacement of Archaen komatiite flows. The chemistry of the glasses shows that they erupted from Kilauea Volcano.Equipment Description (include weight if available): Gay Male Anal Sex Free Pictures D6 28.8200 141.6200 9 DIVE, nets, CTDSHIP/ROV GEAR ЦObjective is to compare surface water iron and aluminum concentrations during a "dust" season to those of a "non-dust" season (the transit to Hawaii). Underway mapping of surface water Iron and Aluminum with tow-fish pneumatic pumping system. Rosette/CTD casts at 8 stations of approximately 2 hrs each to collect metal, nutrient and chlorophyll samples to augment surface mapping findings.
Benthic sled with manipulatorEK-500 water column profiling system Ц Robison (continuous use during transit)аTo the west of Kohala Volcano on Hawaii, a shallow submarine terrace extends westwards. The terrace is built of a series of seven prominent coral terraces ranging from 150 to 1325 m deep. Most of these terraces have been sampled previously and the recovered corals dated using 14C and U-Th techniques (see summary in Clague and Moore, 1991). They range in age from 15 ka for the shallowest terrace to about 600 ka for the deepest. The Simrad surveys revealed karst-like topography on three of these terraces, with the most prominent on the 400 m (125 thousand year old) terrace. Computer modelling using the "REEFGROW" program developed in FY2000 by Rich Schramm for Clague shows that each terrace is a complex structure built during periods when sea level is falling, but more slowly than the island is subsiding, or when sea level is rising slowly relative to the shoreline. During certain periods of rapid sea level falls (near the onset of glacial periods), the reefs may actually be lifted above sea level, allowing for subaerial dissolution and formation of karst topography. The reefs drown during periods of rapid sea level rise. The models also show that the steep outer reef faces, assuming even minimal dissolution or erosion, probably expose an nearly complete sequence of corals built up over long time periods.Dive Targets and Scientific RationaleExpedition Chief Scientist: David Clague XXX Gay Anal Sex Samples We request 2 dives to map and sample the thrust fault and the rocks above and below it along the southwestern margin of the Hilina Slump. These dives will mainly be observational and collection of rocks and sand; they are 2100 to 1300 m deep but should benefit from the ability to collect sandy sediments using the MBARI box corer. Only one of these two dives is too deep for Pisces operations, but the two dives are a package adequate to address the questions posed. In addition, MBARI has unique capabilities to collect sandy sediments using the hydraulic box corer developed in 2000 and the push-cores with special core catchers requested for development in 2001.Scheduled End Dateа: 2001-04-30 TBD Local Moss Landing timetop of page
WF Rosette/CTD (+ our mini rosette, 150lbs.)67-65 36.2870 123.1300 2 nets, CTDScheduled Start Date: 2001-05-22 0800 Local Moss Landing timeExpedition Chief Scientist: David Clague8. Volcanic Vent northeast of Oahu Her First Anal Sex Roxy This cruise has two main goals: 1) to sample young alkalic basalt vents and flows near Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau and 2) to collect heat flow data and cores from the north slope of Oahu.Equipment Description (include weight if available):D5 30.9300 136.1600 9 DIVE, nets, CTD
top of pageThe submarine east rift zone of Kilauea has been extensively studied during the last ten years because it provides an opportunity to study the submarine portion of a well-studied subaerial volcanic system. The morphology of the ridge has been defined from SeaBeam mapping of the entire ridge (Clague et al., 1993), Simrad mapping as deep as 3500 m (done by MBARI in 1998), and AMS-120 mapping of the ridge axis (done by WHOI with MBARI postdoc Jennifer Reynolds as a participant. Samples have been collected from along the ridge by dredging starting in 1964 and by rock corer (MBARIТs rock crusher) in 1998. A few submersible dives, using the Seacliff, were done in the 1980s and in 1991. Most of the lavas recovered are differentiated basalts with eruption temperatures between about 1120 and 1140-C-slightly lower than most historical subaerial eruptions. However, I discovered some unusual glass grains in a boxcore adjacent to Kilauea Volcano in 1988. These glasses contain up to 15% MgO and had eruption temperatures in excess of 1320-C-making them the most magnesian glasses with the highest eruption temperatures of any on Earth (Clague et al., 1991, 1995; Wagner et al., 1998). The eruption and flow characteristics of such hot, fluid lavas are essentially unknown, but may provide an analogy to understand emplacement of Archaen komatiite flows. The chemistry of the glasses shows that they erupted from Kilauea Volcano.Radium-sensorDJs underway mapping system, 25lbsаThe following sections outline specific targets for dives with Tiburon in Hawaii, all tied to the large themes outlined in the general project proposal. Manned submersibles have done considerable work around Hawaii, most notably the Hawaii Underseas Research LaboratorieТs (HURL) Pisces V submersible and the programs run by JAMSTEC using the R/V Karei and ROV Kaiko in 1998 and the R/V Yokosuka and 6500-m submersible Shinkai in 1999. The Kaiko and Shinkai programs focussed largely on deep targets related to giant landslides (Nuuanu and Hilina slides on Oahu and Kilauea, respectively) and on deep (>4 km depth) hydrothermal discharge from Loihi. The Pisces V is limited to operations in Her Anal First Sex Time Purpose:Expedition Chief Scientist: Ken Johnsonvibra-peeper coring systemа
コメント (11)
Hello, nice site look this:
ephedra dangers
See you
投稿者: Aubrey | 2007年12月24日 03:33
日時: 2007年12月24日 03:33
Lortab for migraines
投稿者: AwalizenLezoril | 2008年08月16日 21:54
日時: 2008年08月16日 21:54
Lortab for migraines
投稿者: AwalizenLezoril | 2008年08月16日 22:52
日時: 2008年08月16日 22:52
Lortab for migraines
投稿者: AwalizenLezoril | 2008年08月16日 23:08
日時: 2008年08月16日 23:08
soma muscle relaxer
投稿者: Mavelec | 2008年08月18日 03:12
日時: 2008年08月18日 03:12
soma muscle relaxer
投稿者: Mavelec | 2008年08月18日 04:14
日時: 2008年08月18日 04:14
soma muscle relaxer
投稿者: Mavelec | 2008年08月18日 04:29
日時: 2008年08月18日 04:29
cheap soma online
投稿者: IvahedWixecu | 2008年08月18日 05:05
日時: 2008年08月18日 05:05
cheap soma online
投稿者: IvahedWixecu | 2008年08月18日 06:01
日時: 2008年08月18日 06:01
cheap soma online
投稿者: IvahedWixecu | 2008年08月18日 06:15
日時: 2008年08月18日 06:15
ROV TiburonHeat flow probeа2. PapaТu SeamountParticipants:top of page Long Teen Lesbian Sex gravity corer and rock crusher for night operationsаHawaii remains the laboratory of choice for studies on submarine (and subaerial) volcanic processes because of the young age and freshness of the landforms and volcanic surfaces. In addition, because the Hawaiian volanoes are so large, the processes that degrade the volcanoes, such as massive landslides, or simply submerge the volcanoes are accentuated. Not only are Hawaiian volcanoes the largest in the world with the highest eruption rates (averaged over time), but the landslides that degrade the volcanoes are also the largest volcanic landslides in the world.4 sets of scuba gear (including weights, no tanks) - Robison ~200 lbs total
6 Detritus samplers (2 as spares) Ц RobisonаTo investigate submarine canyons and associated features located along the flanks of the Hawaiian Islands. We will examine mid-canyon plunge pools, walls and canyon heads to ascertain processes that are actively shaping these canyons. In addition, we will investigate submerged coral reefs and carbonate platforms to determine age and origin. Rocks samples, rock cores, sediment push cores and scoop samples will be collected. We are also interested in establishing whether waters are actively flowing through the submerged flanks of the islands. Fresh waters associated with the islands may be discharging do to the hydraulic head on the adjacent island. In addition, geothermal heating may stimulate seawater flow cells within the flanks of the island. We will obtain in situ data consisting of radium and conductivity measurements, pore waters from cores, and samples to establish diagenetic signatures associated with paleo-flow. We anticipate a 14-hour dive days. Some dives will be in shallow waters (100-300 m deep) where a dive day may have two or more dives. Nighttime operations will consist of taking CTD casts not to extend past 0100 the following dive day. Transit to the next days dive site will be done during the nighttime, non-scientific operational hours.Scheduled Start Date: 2001-03-13 0100 Local Moss Landing timeEK-500 water column profiling system Ц Robison (continuous use during transit)аOur tentative dive sites and transects are as follows: Day 1 (4/21) Transit from Honolulu to first dive site, a distance of 27 nautical miles. Two short shallow dives along the northeaster side of Ohau, offshore of Kahalu, dives separated by about 6 nautical miles. First dive is 3.6 km long and between 570 and 200 m depth. Second dive is 3.0 km long and between 575-315 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 2 site early morning (4/22), a distance of 36 nautical miles. Day 2 (4/22) Dive along the northern flank of Molokai, offshore of Kalaupapa Peninsula. Dive is 7.4 km long and between 3415 and 1145 m depth. Transit to Day 3 (4/23) site in early morning, a distance of 101 nautical miles. Day 3 (4/23) Dive along western flank of Hawaii, offshore of Mahukona. Dive is 8.0 km long and between 1200 and 1050 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 4 (4/24) site during early morning hours, a distance of 43 nautical miles. Day 4 (4/24) Dive along the northeastern flank of Hawaii, offshore of Kohala Volcano. Dive is 7.0 km long and between 1355, 974, 1220 and 900 m depth. CTC casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 5 (4/25) site during early morning hours, a distance of 6 nautical miles. Day 5 (4/25) Three short shallow dives along the northeast flank of Kohala Volcano. The first dive is 2.0 km long and between 710 and 680 m depth. The second is 3 nautical miles away, 2.75 km long, and between 420 and 395 m depth. The third is 4.5 nautical miles away, 2.65 km long between 295 and 150 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 6 (4/26) site during early morning hours, a distance of 23 nautical miles. Day 6 (4/26) Three short dives in 200 to 500 of water depths to investigate the shallowest of the reef terraces. CTD casts during evening hours. Day 7 and 8 (4/26 to 4-28) Dive offshore Mahukona coast with CTD casts during evening hours. Potential dive sites for these days are all within a 20 nautical mile radius. Locations will vary according to dive results from Leg 2’s Mahukona dives and the dive on 4/23. In particular, if the sampling of carbonates has proven difficult with the normal sampling equipment, we may return to previous dive sites with the rock drill, In either case we would try to have at least two dives pre day. Day 7 (4/27) One or two dives in offshore Mahukona. The first is on a 3 km long transect from 1400 to 700 m water depths that goes up a relatively steep escarpment face. If there is are carbonates exposed on the cliff face, sampling will require the entire dive day. The second dive would be in 1000 m of water about 8 nautical miles away. CTD casts during late evening hours. Day 8 (4/28) Dive offshore Mahukona. Two dives on the reef terraces in probably between 1400 and 1200 m water depths. Again, location of dives will be very dependent on what areas early dives indicate. Transit to Day 9 (4/29) site during early morning hours, a distance of ~95 nautical miles. Day 9 (4/29) Dive along the northern flank of Molokai offshore of Kalaupapa. Dive is 6.0 km long and between 2015 and 1085 m depth. CTD casts during late evening hours. Transit to Day 9 (4/30) site during early morning hours, a distance of 43 nautical miles. Day 10 (4/30) Half day dive along the northeastern flank of Oahu, offshore of Kahalu. Dive is 3.3 km long and between 1600 and 1055 m depth. Afternoon, transit to Honolulu, a distance of 36 nautical miles for arrival at 5 pm. Anal Sex Home Videos Equipment Description (include weight if available):Benthic sled with drawer and rock partitions, manipulator, rack of push cores (with catchers) on drawer front, temperature probe (for 1 Loihi dive), glass suction sampler, vibra-peeper coring device, major water samplers (for 1 Loihi dive), biobox, fry-basket, extra pushcores on swingarm for a few dives. Night operations are rock crusher and gravity coring.top of page
top of pagePurpose:top of pageSuperposed on the sequence of reefs are a series of lava flows from several volcanoes, including a group of radial fissures (fissures not aligned along rift zones) that probably are part of Mauna Loa Volcano. At the western edge of the terrace, a submarine rift zone extends to the west. This rift zone is apparently part of a separate volcano named Mahukono Volcano (Clague and Moore, 1991)), not exposed above present sea level. Like other submarine rift zones, it is characterized by common flat-topped cones (Clague et al., 2000) and linear ramparts, but also by several complex, steep, smooth cones. This region is the key to understanding much of the history of Hawaii since the reefs provide timelines and the lava flows in the area come from Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai Volcanoes. Clague and Jim Moore did an entire HURL-funded program of Pisces V submersible dives in this region in 1988 and a modest dredging program the same year. However, the new MBARI Simrad bathymetric data highlight some key features that were unknown when the previous programs were completed. The models of reef formation suggest that details of the Pleistocene record of glacial-intergacial periods have been smoothed by time averaging. We hope to extract some of these details from the reef morphology and ages.Leg 2: Karst and Volcanos (April 1-16) Anal Sex With Hot Black Cunts Ken Johnson (male), Ginger Elrod (female), Steve Fitzwater (male), Hans Jannasch (male, tentative) and Josh Plant (male, tentative)top of pageLeg 2: Karst and Volcanos (April 1-16)
top of pageD2, 67-75 35.9530 123.8420 9 DIVE, nets, CTD4 sets of scuba gear (including weights, no tanks) - Robison ~200 lbs totaldrawer with partitionsаBox corer Gay Bubble Butts Anal Sex Expedition Chief Scientist: David ClagueExpedition Chief Scientist: David ClaguePlanned Track Description:
We request 1 short (6-hr) Tiburon dive to map and sample the deepest (and least degassed) of the volcanic cones of the Honolulu Volcanics. This cone is structurally simple and the summit is at a depth of only about 800 m, so the dive to explore the summit and collect the lava flows and hyaloclastite can be short. Collection of submarine-erupted lavas allows for analysis of rare gas and volatile components in the quenched glasses, as well as better whole-rock trace element analyses since the submarine lavas are far less altered than those exposed to subaerial weathering (rainfall leaches many components from the subaerial lavas after their emplacement), as outlined under the "Submarine Cones and flows" section of this proposal.Expedition Principal Investigator:аDavid Claguetop of pageThe submarine east rift zone of Kilauea has been extensively studied during the last ten years because it provides an opportunity to study the submarine portion of a well-studied subaerial volcanic system. The morphology of the ridge has been defined from SeaBeam mapping of the entire ridge (Clague et al., 1993), Simrad mapping as deep as 3500 m (done by MBARI in 1998), and AMS-120 mapping of the ridge axis (done by WHOI with MBARI postdoc Jennifer Reynolds as a participant. Samples have been collected from along the ridge by dredging starting in 1964 and by rock corer (MBARIТs rock crusher) in 1998. A few submersible dives, using the Seacliff, were done in the 1980s and in 1991. Most of the lavas recovered are differentiated basalts with eruption temperatures between about 1120 and 1140-C-slightly lower than most historical subaerial eruptions. However, I discovered some unusual glass grains in a boxcore adjacent to Kilauea Volcano in 1988. These glasses contain up to 15% MgO and had eruption temperatures in excess of 1320-C-making them the most magnesian glasses with the highest eruption temperatures of any on Earth (Clague et al., 1991, 1995; Wagner et al., 1998). The eruption and flow characteristics of such hot, fluid lavas are essentially unknown, but may provide an analogy to understand emplacement of Archaen komatiite flows. The chemistry of the glasses shows that they erupted from Kilauea Volcano.Equipment Description (include weight if available): Gay Male Anal Sex Free Pictures D6 28.8200 141.6200 9 DIVE, nets, CTDSHIP/ROV GEAR ЦObjective is to compare surface water iron and aluminum concentrations during a "dust" season to those of a "non-dust" season (the transit to Hawaii). Underway mapping of surface water Iron and Aluminum with tow-fish pneumatic pumping system. Rosette/CTD casts at 8 stations of approximately 2 hrs each to collect metal, nutrient and chlorophyll samples to augment surface mapping findings.
Benthic sled with manipulatorEK-500 water column profiling system Ц Robison (continuous use during transit)аTo the west of Kohala Volcano on Hawaii, a shallow submarine terrace extends westwards. The terrace is built of a series of seven prominent coral terraces ranging from 150 to 1325 m deep. Most of these terraces have been sampled previously and the recovered corals dated using 14C and U-Th techniques (see summary in Clague and Moore, 1991). They range in age from 15 ka for the shallowest terrace to about 600 ka for the deepest. The Simrad surveys revealed karst-like topography on three of these terraces, with the most prominent on the 400 m (125 thousand year old) terrace. Computer modelling using the "REEFGROW" program developed in FY2000 by Rich Schramm for Clague shows that each terrace is a complex structure built during periods when sea level is falling, but more slowly than the island is subsiding, or when sea level is rising slowly relative to the shoreline. During certain periods of rapid sea level falls (near the onset of glacial periods), the reefs may actually be lifted above sea level, allowing for subaerial dissolution and formation of karst topography. The reefs drown during periods of rapid sea level rise. The models also show that the steep outer reef faces, assuming even minimal dissolution or erosion, probably expose an nearly complete sequence of corals built up over long time periods.Dive Targets and Scientific RationaleExpedition Chief Scientist: David Clague XXX Gay Anal Sex Samples We request 2 dives to map and sample the thrust fault and the rocks above and below it along the southwestern margin of the Hilina Slump. These dives will mainly be observational and collection of rocks and sand; they are 2100 to 1300 m deep but should benefit from the ability to collect sandy sediments using the MBARI box corer. Only one of these two dives is too deep for Pisces operations, but the two dives are a package adequate to address the questions posed. In addition, MBARI has unique capabilities to collect sandy sediments using the hydraulic box corer developed in 2000 and the push-cores with special core catchers requested for development in 2001.Scheduled End Dateа: 2001-04-30 TBD Local Moss Landing timetop of page
WF Rosette/CTD (+ our mini rosette, 150lbs.)67-65 36.2870 123.1300 2 nets, CTDScheduled Start Date: 2001-05-22 0800 Local Moss Landing timeExpedition Chief Scientist: David Clague8. Volcanic Vent northeast of Oahu Her First Anal Sex Roxy This cruise has two main goals: 1) to sample young alkalic basalt vents and flows near Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau and 2) to collect heat flow data and cores from the north slope of Oahu.Equipment Description (include weight if available):D5 30.9300 136.1600 9 DIVE, nets, CTD
top of pageThe submarine east rift zone of Kilauea has been extensively studied during the last ten years because it provides an opportunity to study the submarine portion of a well-studied subaerial volcanic system. The morphology of the ridge has been defined from SeaBeam mapping of the entire ridge (Clague et al., 1993), Simrad mapping as deep as 3500 m (done by MBARI in 1998), and AMS-120 mapping of the ridge axis (done by WHOI with MBARI postdoc Jennifer Reynolds as a participant. Samples have been collected from along the ridge by dredging starting in 1964 and by rock corer (MBARIТs rock crusher) in 1998. A few submersible dives, using the Seacliff, were done in the 1980s and in 1991. Most of the lavas recovered are differentiated basalts with eruption temperatures between about 1120 and 1140-C-slightly lower than most historical subaerial eruptions. However, I discovered some unusual glass grains in a boxcore adjacent to Kilauea Volcano in 1988. These glasses contain up to 15% MgO and had eruption temperatures in excess of 1320-C-making them the most magnesian glasses with the highest eruption temperatures of any on Earth (Clague et al., 1991, 1995; Wagner et al., 1998). The eruption and flow characteristics of such hot, fluid lavas are essentially unknown, but may provide an analogy to understand emplacement of Archaen komatiite flows. The chemistry of the glasses shows that they erupted from Kilauea Volcano.Radium-sensorDJs underway mapping system, 25lbsаThe following sections outline specific targets for dives with Tiburon in Hawaii, all tied to the large themes outlined in the general project proposal. Manned submersibles have done considerable work around Hawaii, most notably the Hawaii Underseas Research LaboratorieТs (HURL) Pisces V submersible and the programs run by JAMSTEC using the R/V Karei and ROV Kaiko in 1998 and the R/V Yokosuka and 6500-m submersible Shinkai in 1999. The Kaiko and Shinkai programs focussed largely on deep targets related to giant landslides (Nuuanu and Hilina slides on Oahu and Kilauea, respectively) and on deep (>4 km depth) hydrothermal discharge from Loihi. The Pisces V is limited to operations in Her Anal First Sex Time Purpose:Expedition Chief Scientist: Ken Johnsonvibra-peeper coring systemа
投稿者: prelssteelm | 2008年10月27日 08:20
日時: 2008年10月27日 08:20